ABSTRACT
The use of genetic materials, including RNA, oligonucleotides, or DNA, to control cellular processes is the basic treatment strategy employed in cancer gene therapy. Gene therapy tools, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA, or DNA, offer a significant potential in cancer treatment. Cross-linking of chitosan polymer increases the rigidness of the nanocarrier so that the incorporated nucleic acids are well protected within the entanglement of the chitosan polymer. The optimization of physicochemical properties and the assessment of transfection parameters are key to successful gene delivery and efficient transfection with chitosan-based gene delivery carriers. Ionotropic gelation or coacervation of chitosan in the presence of counter ions results in the formation of defined nanostructures in solution. The transfection efficiency of chitosan can also be improved by grafting or combining other positively charged polymers or lipids. DNA or RNA interference (RNAi) molecules have recently emerged as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
