ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on Kenya and Somalia as they face the greatest threats and have advanced the furthest in their response. It draws on Al-Shabaab, although affiliated groups and other violent extremist organisations continue to evolve as well as their recruitment strategies, financing needs, weapon and fighter-based needs and the communities’ response to violent extremist organisations. Tertiary prevention approaches, are those that take place through formal disengagement programmes and in prisons after an individual has been directly involved with violent extremist organisations and has left or wishes to leave. Looking at primary, secondary and tertiary prevention the chapter describes the initiatives focusing on preventing/countering violent extremism (P/CVE) and disengagement. Programmatic terminology such as initiatives, interventions and programmes shall be used interchangeably when describing P/CVE and disengagement. There is a need when fighting and preventing terrorism in the Horn of Africa for all expertise to come together and acknowledge each other’s role in addressing the complex phenomenon.
