ABSTRACT
In Japan, English education, in particular at the tertiary level, is an urgent problem that must be addressed effectively and efficiently. Japan opened eight English schools nationwide, each attached to an imperial university, to import Western knowledge. The pedagogy was changed from "learning in English" to the "translation method (yakudoku)" to cope with the new knowledge in Japanese. Japan Association of College English Teachers (JACET) is a mirror of the tertiary education after World War II. By 1901, a Nippon Steel Human Resources Development report states that 90" of the children started compulsory school at the age of six and completed four years elementary schooling. Japan has one of the highest rates of post-secondary school attendance among all industrial nations with 2.5 million undergraduates enrolled at over 600 national, public and private four-year universities. Japanese universities are continuously asked to make changes toward better quality education.
