Relations between Syria-Palestine and Egypt in the ‘Hyksos' Period

The late Second Intermediate or ‘Hyksos’ period in Egypt (ca. 1650–1550 BC) correlates precisely with the last phase of the Middle Bronze Age in Palestine, traditionally designated MB IIC (Fig. 1). Since the ‘Hyksos’ horizon, especially Dynasty XV, represents a period of Asiatic influence and actual rule in Lower Egypt, the intruders have long been connected with Syria-Palestine – a view that in fact goes back to Josephus. Fig. 1 Comparative chronology of Palestine and Egypt in the Middle Bronze/Middle Kingdom periods. Egyptian dates follow the CAH³ ‘middle chronology'; for Palestinian dates and alternate chronology (parentheses), see Dever, 1973, 1 976; Gerstenblith, 1980; and nn. 5, 6, 10, 16. The relative placement of Egyptian Dynasties follows von Beckerath, 1964: 137, 138, 221. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315423050/4d866e7b-a784-431e-9644-59266b690d45/content/fig8_1_B.jpg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>