The Roles of Applied and Development Anthropology and Archaeology among the San of Botswana

Over half a century has passed since the Marshall family began their ground-breaking research with Ju/'hoansi (!Kung) San populations in the northern Kalahari Desert region of southern Africa (see Marshall 1976). Their important field studies reflected significant shifts in anthropology toward detailed and long-term investigations of indigenous peoples who traditionally hunted and gathered for their livelihoods and who now are involved in diversified systems of production and income generation (see Hitchcock 2004b; Marshall 1999; Marshall and Ritchie 1984; Shostak 1981, 2000).