ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the Battlefield interpretations that typically draw on four classes of data: archival resources; Key/decisive terrain, Observation and field of fire, Cover and concealment, Obstacles, and Avenues of approach/ withdrawal (KOCOA) analysis; archaeological survey results; and then interviews with avocational detectorists. On an ideal study, all four contribute to an informed battle narrative and interpretation of the nature, location, and timing of critical events. The landscape and the nature of the battle would be such that KOCOA analysis could identify all key features considered during the approach, engagement, and retreat. Archaeological survey would yield many army or regiment specific dropped and fired items, indicating suspected locations of activity. Lastly, there would be avocational detectorists with great information on where they found artifacts. This project demonstrates the significance of understanding landscapes to accurately interpret a battle. KOCOA analysis demands that the archaeologist consider the landscape as would a soldier in 1814.
