ABSTRACT
Wittgensteinian arithmetic is the standard point of departure in contemporary action theory:
Let us not forget this: when ‘I raise my arm,’ my arm goes up. And the problem arises: What is left over if I subtract the fact that my arm goes up from the fact that I raise my arm? ( 1963 , §621)
This matters because the question itself forces a defi nite shape on subsequent refl ection. It presupposes that an account of what it is to do something intentionally – what it comes to that, say, I raised my arm – will be a description of a compound of metaphysically distinct explanatory factors.
