Index

Note: Page numbers in bold type refer to figures Page numbers in italic type refer to tables Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes

abandonment 230 Abbott, R. 18, 25n11 abnormality 50 abstentionism 200, 219 Abu Mus’ab al-Suri 29 Action for Community Transformation (ACT)

237, 241 Active Service Units (ASUs) 94-6, 100-2,

108n38 actors 3-5, 68, 194, 197; criminal 179; external

200; non-violent 2; terrorist 182; VDR 182, 201

actualization 237 Adair, J. 241 Adams, G. 6, 46, 94, 108n34, 115-27, 136-7,

143-4, 187n9, 213-15, 220-1 Aden 106 Afghanistan 3, 66 Africa 16; East 11-12, 25n10, 66 Agnew, P. 220 Ahern, B. 124 Ahtisaari, M. 120 al-Qaeda 105, 123, 192 Algeria 27, 33, 40; National Liberation Front

(FLN) 33 Allen, A. 171, 188n18 Allison-Gruenewald, K.: et al. 172-3, 185 Alonso, R. 4, 112-32 Amnesty International 222 An Phoblacht 114, 118, 218-19, 225 Anderson, M. 215 Andersonstown News 123 Anglo-Irish relations 91 Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921) 1, 211n82 anti-austerity 207 anti-civilian bombings 216 anti-communist guerrillas 27, 38 anti-communist rebels 30-3, 39 anti-Semitism 240 Arbour Hill 212

Ard Chomhairl 145-6, 219-20 Ard Fheis 6, 135-6, 143, 152n132, 169, 213,

219-20, 226-7 Arellano-Bond Generalized Method of

Moments (GMM) 73 Argentina 54-5 Armagh 3, 35, 100, 198 armed militias 195 Ashe, T. 10 Asia 16 assassinations: targeted 67, 86n33 Austin, J. 218 autocratic culture 133 Azimkar, P. 182-4

B-Specials 42n56 Baggott, M. 183 Baltic states 28, 33-4, 37 Bar-Tal, D. 156-7 Basque Freedom and Fatherland (ETA)

terrorists 66 Battle of the Somme (1916) 6, 156, 232-7 BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)

116-17, 125, 213 Bean, K. 142 Belarus 34 Belfast 1-3, 116-19, 142-4, 188n19, 198-200,

217-21, 231-3 Belfast Telegraph 174 Bell, J.B. 27 Bellamy, J. 178 Benmelech, E.: Berrebi, C. and Klor, E.F. 68 Bew, P.: and Gillespie, G. 47 Bin Laden, O. 66 Bishop, P.: and Mallie, E. 91 Black, D. 171, 184, 191, 197 Blair, A. (Tony) 126-7, 145, 244 Blelloch, J. 222 Bloody Sunday (1972) 19, 213, 217 Bodenstown 231

bombings 182-5; anti-civilian 216; civilian 82-3; non-civilian 82-3; suicide 68

Border Campaign (1956-62) 1 Bosnia Herzegovina 54 Boss, P. 48, 52, 57-9 Boston Tapes 46 Bradford 234 Brathwaite, A.: and Johnson, S.D. 68 Braun, V.: and Clarke, V. 29 Brims, R. 110n91 British Army 92-7, 101-6, 108n24, 123, 163,

185, 213-18 British Auxiliary police 202 British intelligence 89, 98-101 British “Occupation” 195-8 British Secret Service 122 British Security Forces 68-71 Britishness 234-5 Bruton, J. 122, 212-14 Burns, E. 171, 188n23

Cahill, J. 104, 119 Cairns, E. 52 capitalism 190, 206-7 capitalist establishment 207 Carroll, S. 170, 182-4 Carron, O. 220-2 Casement, R. 10 Catholic community 65-7, 83, 123, 157, 197,

228 Catholicism 67, 115, 228 Catholics 230 Central Europe 4 centralization 142-3 Chastelain, J. de 121-5 Chechenization 36 Chenoweth, E.: and Dugan, L. 67-8 civil rights 106 Civil Rights March (5th October 1968) 213 Civil Rights Movement (1960s) 91, 213-14 civilian bombings 82-3 Clarify software 86n36 Clarke, R.V. 29; and Newman, G.R. 172 Clarke, T. 197 Clarke, V.: and Braun, V. 29 Clinton, W. 45, 61, 121; Administration (USA)

105 Close Observation Platoons (COPs) 95, 98-9,

108n42 coalition counterinsurgency (COIN) operations

68 Cochrane, C. 91 Colbert, M. 105 Cold War (1947-91) 90, 172 collective identities 154 Colombia 117; FARC 117 colonial policing 16 colonies 120

colonization 29 commemorations (1916) 231 Commonwealth 232 communist regimes 35 community control 52-5 community empowerment 238 community relations 236 comparative fields of inquiry 30, 31 compartmentalization 82 Condon, J. 233 Condra, L.N.: and Shapiro, J.N. 68 Connolly, J. 7, 171, 207 Conscription crisis (1918) 10 conservatism 206 Conservative party (UK) 235 constitutional nationalism 4, 190, 202-4 constitutional nationalists 204-6 constitutionalism 133-6, 139, 142 constructive/destructive ambiguity 124-6 contemporary republicans 243 Continuity IRA (CIRA) 169-71, 174, 184,

188n23, 208, 209n12 Conway, K. 104 Coogan, T.P. 27 coping mechanism 51-2 Cork 213, 242 Cost of the Troubles, The 46, 63n11 counter-ambushes 99-100 counter-insurgency 5, 34-6, 39, 200, 224 counter-narratives 192, 207 counter-paramilitary 208 counterterrorism 34, 173 Cox, M. 32 criminal actors 179 criminal justice solutions 48, 59 criminality 158, 169, 227, 232, 244; drug-based

179 criminalization 205 Cuba 226 culture 236, 240; autocratic 133; Orange 236 cynicism 218 Cyprus 27, 33, 40 Czechoslovakia 213

D-Company (Indian criminal outfit) 29 Daly, C. 114, 128n7 Davison, G. 168-9 delegitimization 162, 204 demobilization 16, 38 democracy 127, 139, 141, 144, 161, 235;

intra-party 133, 142-3, 146-7; liberal 152n133; participatory 237; representative 237

democratic countries 28 democratization 33, 135, 139 demonization 162 demoralization 14 Derry 1-3, 70, 178, 183-5, 198-9, 213-15

Derry Journal 185, 193 descriptive statistics 73, 74 detonated explosives 179 Devenny, D. 218 Devine, M. 221 dichotomy 4, 185 Dirty War, The 98-100 discriminate and indiscriminate

counterterrorism killings/PIRA IED attacks: against civilians 72, 81, 82; against non-civilians/civilians 73, 79-80

discrimination 65-6, 69-73, 82-3, 86n38, 106, 107n7, 138, 215-16

diversity 239 Doherty, K. 171, 188n22, 220-1 Donaldson, J. 217 Donnelly, G. 201 doomed soldiers 34-9 drug dealers 199 drug-based criminality 179 Drumm, J. 219 Dublin 9-13, 19-22, 24n1, 119, 142, 178, 213,

231-4; Fire Brigade 26n48 Dublin Metropolitan Police (DMP) 12 Duddy, B. 221 Duffy, E. 217 Duffy, G. 217 Dugan, L.: and Chenoweth, E. 67-8; et al. 67;

Korte, R. and LaFree, G. 90 Dundalk 242 DUP (Democratic Unionist Party) 217, 241

East Africa 11-12, 25n10, 66 Easter Rising (1916) 1-3, 9-11, 133-7, 168-72,

191, 212, 228-37 Eastern Europe 4 Egypt 67 Eire Nua (New Ireland) 219 Eiser, J.R. 157 elites 112-14 Elles, H. 22 Elliott, T. 216 empowerment 220, 237; community 238 England 10-11, 56, 183, 215, 232-4,

238-40 Enlightenment 228-9, 236 Entman, R. 113 Eppel, S. 52 equality 119, 139, 146, 241 Ervine, D. 6, 157 Estonia 32, 36-8; Forest Brothers 32, 35,

39 ethnic cleansing 40, 229-30 ethnic identity 90 ethnic minorities 239 ethnic tribune 138-9 ethnicity 137 ethno-national identity 146

Euro Zone 242 Europe 9, 16, 39-40, 91, 101, 118, 217; Central

4; Eastern 4 European community 94 Evans, G.: et al. 138 Evans, J.: and Tonge, J. 142 explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) 93 external actors 200 extremism 34

Facebook 216 Falls Curfew 92 famine 10 FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of

Colombia) 117 fatalism 39 fatalities (VDR) 182, 182 Faulkner, B. 218 Feeney, B.: et al. 47 Ferguson, N. 6; and McAuley, J.W. 5, 153-67,

228-44 Fermanagh 230 Fianna Fáil 124-5, 145, 231 Fielding, D.: and Shortland, A. 67 Fine Gael 145, 231 Finegan, R. 2, 89-111 Finland 32 FitzGerald, G. 112-14 Flynn, B. 27 Force Research Unit (FRU) 71, 95-6, 99-100,

108n24 Forest Brothers (Estonia) 32, 35, 39 Fox, G. 217 Fox, P. 217 framing theory 113 France 45; Paris 15 Free State 230, 237 Free-State capitalist establishment 206-7,

211n82 French Revolution (1789-99) 228

Gaza 66, 216, 226 gender inequality 146 General Election Survey (Northern Ireland,

2015) 137, 144, 149n37 gentrification 240 Germany 9-11; Nazi 32 Gibney, J. 119 Gibraltar 100 Gill, P.: and Morrison, J.F. 1-8; Piazza, J.A.