ABSTRACT
Th ere is an inherent friction in the relationship between international human rights law and citizenship. On the one hand, human rights law is inclusive, and meant to confer rights on every individual without regard to where they were born, their connection to a particular State, their religion, or their ethnic group. On the other hand, citizenship is exclusive, having as its aim the proscription of certain rights, and serving as de facto gate keeper to the enjoyment of other derivative rights. Th is friction is mediated to a degree by diplomatic, customary, and treaty law, but is also intensifi ed by sociopolitical considerations both local and global in character.
