ABSTRACT
A crisis can be viewed as the manifestation of risk resulting in the potential for harm to befall stakeholders and/or the organization. A crisis can harm or kill stakeholders and always inflict at least some reputation damage on an organization (Barton, 2001). Quick actions taken by crisis managers can prevent or limit the harm a crisis can inflict. Those harms can be bodily, property-related, financial, or reputational. It is the potential harm posed by a crisis that makes it a concern for both managers and stakeholders. The investment in crisis management is designed to mitigate and to limit the harm a crisis can produce.
