ABSTRACT
The universe is thus bound to be open if it contains human knowledge; papers, and books, like the present one, which are on the one hand physical World I objects and, on the other, World 3 objects. By 'World 1' means what is usually called the world of physics: of rocks, and trees and physical fields of forces. By 'World 2' means the psychological world. It is studied by students of the human mind, but also of the minds of animals. This chapter includes the works of art in 'World 3' and also ethical values and social institutions. It deals with determinism and naturalism. The fundamental philosophical motive in favour of a Laplacean determinism and the theory that World 1 is causally closed is the realization that man is an animal, and the wish to see ourselves as part of nature. We live in an open universe. We could not make this discovery before there was human knowledge.
