ABSTRACT
A system of theoretical stereotypes developed that equated a planned economy with bureaucratic, centralized planning, and the principle of directives was equated with voluntarism and bureaucratic administration. The development of planning and contractual initiatives of work collectives becomes an important area for improving the planning principle, and for struggling against bureaucratic centralism and bureaucratic administration. It is of fundamental importance that the work collective itself—its general assembly, the council of the work collective, the trade union organization, and the council of brigade leaders—become the subject of this initiative, and not only the administration. The fundamental reform of management envisions the development of enterprise independence in planning matters. The planning and contractual initiative of collectives is one of the principal means of orienting production toward the satisfaction of real, concrete needs. Enterprises and associations themselves ratify five-year and annual plans on the basis of control figures, limits, direct agreements with consumers, and competitive participation in the fulfillment of state orders.
