ABSTRACT
In the late 1960s, jazz "Play-A-Long" records were introduced, and since that time they have become a standard method for learning improvisation. Jazz players like Lester Young learned from records because it is difficult to learn to play jazz from only listening to in-person live performances where too much information is presented, too quickly for learning but on pace for enjoyment. Musical repetition is an important part of jazz culture, both for musicians learning jazz and those performing it. But the main techniques of repetition in jazz were too early to be considered part of remix culture. The notions of the lick, the riff and what jazz musicians call "quoting" are all related to, but different from, sampling in remix culture. The emergence of jazz culture can be considered part of the stage of mechanical reproduction. The release of the amazing slow downer software in 2001 changed how jazz musicians used the "turntable".
