ABSTRACT
Dual-process accounts have been provided for a large variety of psychological phenomena, resulting in an impressive amount of evidence for the fact that people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are driven by both reflective and impulsive determinants (e.g., Epstein, 1994; Fazio & Olson, 2003; Gawronski & Bodenhausen, 2006; Gawronski & Payne, 2010; Sherman, Gawronski, & Trope, 2014; Strack & Deutsch, 2004; Wilson, Lindsey, & Schooler, 2000). As personality is concerned with stable individual differences in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, an obvious question is: “How is the duality of human nature reflected by personality?” This question can be specified by distinguishing between three aspects of people’s personality: self-concept (Asendorpf, Banse, & Mücke, 2002; John & Srivastava, 1999; Markus & Wurf, 1987; Greenwald et al., 2002), actual behavioral regularities (e.g., Back & Egloff, 2009; Gosling, John, Craik, & Robins, 1998; Vazire & Mehl, 2008), and reputations (e.g., Hofstee, 1994; Vazire, 2010): Are there reflective and impulsive aspects of (a) how individuals’ selves are mentally represented, (b) how they typically behave, and (c) how they are perceived by others? In addition, pertaining to the complex question of personality selfknowledge, one can ask: (d) To what extent are reflective and impulsive processes involved in the accuracy with which individuals perceive themselves?
