ABSTRACT
The human body is a complex interaction of 11 body systems, each with a unique structure specific to its function. A clear understanding of the structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) of the human body is vital for working within the physical activity and health industry. Homeostasis, the balance of the body’s internal environment, is vital for survival. The multitude of body functions, including the maintenance of homeostasis, are controlled through the combined activity of the nervous and endocrine systems. Neuroendocrine functioning is also responsible for the increased ventilation, cardiac output and subsequent oxygen delivery associated with physical activity, not to mention the generation of movement through muscular contraction. The anatomy and physiology of skeletal muscle, and how its contraction generates movement through its integration with the skeletal system, is fundamental for understanding the different movements of the body. Regular physical activity is important for the optimal physiological functioning of the body. Leading an active lifestyle contributes to the reduced risk of developing, or the management of, multiple chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. In addition, regular physical activity improves the overall quality of life.
