ABSTRACT
The history of physical activity gives fascinating insights as to how hunting and gathering led to an active lifestyle but then how striving for wealth, prosperity, lavish lifestyles and entertainment has led to a drop in physical activity. The work of pioneers in the second half of the 20th century has inspired many researchers and there is now overwhelming evidence from numerous studies regarding the many health benefits of an active lifestyle, as well as potential harms from increasing physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour. Physical activity recommendations have evolved over time due to the expanding evidence base and despite efforts by key organisations to recommend and advocate physical activity, levels have reached a plateau and are predicted to decline in parallel to an increase in sedentary time. There is therefore a need to develop effective interventions that will lead to population level increases in physical activity. Historically, such increases only occur during times of conflict and when food is not readily available. This is not ethical.
