ABSTRACT
We are now living in a world where algorithms, and the data that feed them,
adjudicate a large array of decisions in our lives: not just search engines and personal-
ized online news systems, but educational evaluations, the operation of markets and
political campaigns, the design of urban public spaces, and even how social services
like welfare and public safety are managed. But algorithms can arguably make mistakes
and operate with biases. The opacity of technically complex algorithms operating at
scale make them difficult to scrutinize, leading to a lack of clarity for the public in
terms of how they exercise their power and influence.
