This chapter provides an overview of the major, traditional theories of counseling and psychotherapy and then discusses brief approaches: giving examples describing how a counselor could use the previously described traditional approaches in a brief format. It also provides some discussion of transtheoretical approaches and brief exploration of Eastern approaches to counseling and psychotherapy. As the counselor began to describe what being gay is and some of the feelings associated with it Irfan began to panic. The counselor aids the client toward achieving these goals through gathering identifying information, determining the presenting problem, exploring relevant recent history of the problem, assessing current functioning, and understanding the client's treatment expectations. Dissimilar from the criticisms received by person-centered counseling for having a lack of any clearly directed techniques, Gestalt has plenty that generally work well in combination with the cognitive-behavioral approaches.