ABSTRACT
Critical Discourse Analysis dwells at length with news stylebooks which mainly advise journalists on how certain words are to be written, policies on confused spelling or transliterating [c.f. Richardson, J. (2007). Analyzing newspapers: An approach from critical discourse analysis. Basingstoke: Palgrave], things with little bearing on issues of ideology, power, and dialogism. And if the ideological effects of the internal guidelines are acknowledged [c.f. van Dijk, T.A. (1988). News analysis: Case studies of international and national newsin the press. Hillsdale: Erlbaum and Cameron, D. (1996). Style policy and style politics: A neglected aspect of the language of the news. Media, Culture and Society, 18 (2), 315–333], it is seldom backed by textual or ethnographic evidence. The paper attempts to fill in this gap in the literature by highlighting the role internal guidelines play in structuring and patterning the news discourse. It investigates, textually and ethnographically, the part internal guidelines assume in shaping the Middle East narratives of the BBC and Al-Jazeera English (AJE). In the investigation of their role, the paper relies heavily on interviews, observations and access to large portions of the contents of BBC and AJE’s internal guidelines. The paper’s ethnographic angle helps illustrate how the two news giants use their organizational power for the sake of disseminating and inculcating their ideology and viewpoints vis-à-vis the Middle East conflict. It shows that the way voices in news are represented is not wholly the work of the reporter in the field. Finally, the paper reveals that news institutions have different ways of interfering in how ideas and viewpoints are to be expressed both socially and discursively and how voices are to be ‘tamed’, with the internal guidelines as their main discursive and social tool.
