ABSTRACT

We have been relatively successful when it comes to reducing uncertainty. This innate risk-reduction drive motivates the formations of groups, societies, and economies. Nonetheless, risks continue to emerge and expand. Our income-dependent lifestyles make us vulnerable to economic changes over which we have little control. Natural calamities and other environmental changes result in devastating monetary losses and casualties in developing and developed economies in Asia and other regions. Man-made catastrophes are also on the rise.