ABSTRACT
For over thirty years, many former white settler colonies have been re-examining indigenous-settler relations. In Australia, New Zealand, and in Canada, potentially far-reaching dialogues on this topic have developed, both within and between settler society and long-suppressed indigenous communities. In Canada, many indigenous scholars and leaders assert that the autonomy of First Nations, Inuit, and Mtis must be acknowledged, whether within or beyond the Canadian constitution. A detailed comparative study, John C. Weaver has suggested that on the North American and Antipodean frontiers, a doctrine of improvement informed the settler's dispossession of indigenous people, as well as of early squatters, speculators and ranchers. One possible objection to Flanagan's approach is that the concepts that he considers muddled by the proposal for self-government originated primarily in Europe and its settler colonies, and are expressed in European languages. This chapter explains about the rise and fall of dawla depends on two coexisting forms of umran: nomadic pastoral modes and urban sedentary ones.
