ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the bullying of and by Dutch students below age 13. Bullying denotes aggressive behaviour that is characterised by individuals' wilful and conscious desire to hurt and place another person under stress. Bullying should not be confused with teasing, where two or more persons challenge each other in more or less friendly ways. Bullying or related aggressive behaviours may already be shown at a very young age, at home or in preschool. Several social aspects of bullying and other types of aggressive processes may influence the development of desirable student behaviours. Examples are the rules and characteristics of social processes between persons or groups. Dutch research on a representative sample showed that about one in five students in primary education is either being bullied or bullying now and then, once a week, or several times a week.
