ABSTRACT
A number of scholars argue that since the Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993, the EMU has been an automatic process (Frieden 1998; Moravcsik 1998; Jones 1999; Loedel 1999). However, the reality of the EMU process may be far less mechanical and far more dependent on individual decisions made over time, signifying a changing, rather than static nature of the EMU. Although often overlooked in scholarly literature, one such decision can be identified in 1998, when the German Bundestag and Bundesrat voted in favor of moving forward with the EMU.
