ABSTRACT
This chapter analyses the policy developments that are affecting the field of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) and underlying the implementation challenges lying ahead. It also examines the EU's internal security strategy. The chapter shows that such a strategy is characterized by three trends: getting more operational, playing politics and the role of JHA agencies. It focuses on the challenges for the external dimension of JHA, in other words, on the future interaction between JHA and EU's external action. The need to mainstream JHA into other EU foreign policies is rendered possible via a series of operational initiatives. The latter are expected to take place within a stronger human rights framework vis-a-vis third countries that could enhance the legitimacy of JHA policies beyond EU's borders. JHA governance is about both the EU and its Member States. Considering the innovations introduced by the Lisbon Treaty, it appears that JHA policies shall in the future be deemed of increased democratic accountability.
