ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the marginal landscapes of Anatolia in terms of the history of water–human relationships. Anatolia extends between Asia and Europe in the eastern Mediterranean. While Anatolia represents a complex entity in terms of climatic, biological and cultural aspects, with the exception of several coastal zones and inland plains, it has many marginal landscapes. The Late Chalcolithic climatic conditions presented much more stable conditions in terms of annual average precipitation in the Malatya Plain. This coincided with the time when the society at Arslantepe evolved into a hierarchical model of organisation. In order to understand the relationship between water and Arslantepe societies, one needs to know the palaeoclimatic patterns, specifically the levels of precipitation and temporal changes in that variable. The Macrophysical Climate Model is one of several palaeoclimate models, but it differs from the rest on the basis of forcings that are used in estimations.
