ABSTRACT
It is only since 1976 that a general system of administrative jurisdiction has existed in the Netherlands. Before that time there were certain special administrative courts for specific matters, such as the Central Appeals Board for Social Security, while the civil courts were, and still are, competent to deal with the lawfulness of governmental acts or failures to act in tort actions. However, in general, appeal against administrative action laid with the Crown, in which system a decision was taken by the King/Queen under the responsibility of the Government and on the advice of the Council of State.
