ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that the most profound transformation of the architectural profession in the modern era has been propelled by the separation of architectural education from architectural practice, by the division of architectural knowledge between the university and the architect's bureau. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio' descriptive classification of architectural orders gives scant insight into the process of design, or the implementation of designs that is to say, the means by which imagination and invention are merged with labor and know-how to yield meritorious results. Lawrence D. Miles, the engineer at General Electric credited with the development of techniques of value analysis and value engineering. Value engineering, then, is concerned with the optimization of the use and esteem values of a product at the lowest possible price. The establishment of the state-regulated profession of architecture in the United States has begotten the legal safeguards, regulatory bodies, and collateral organizations which constitute the framework of contemporary architectural practice.
