ABSTRACT
The Research and Development (R&D) departments were responsible for innovation, and they focused particularly on product innovation. Innovation for the Chief Information Officer (CIO) usually meant innovation within the area of IT itself or the digitalization of business processes. Psychological, structural, and cultural problems work against the use of the technological innovation potential in a running company. Human beings simply hate change. According to research in the field of cognitive psychology, while people are prone to underestimate the benefits of change, they tend to overestimate risk. The reputation of most IT departments suffered from cumbersome and inflexible IT systems and high maintenance costs. The value of IT was not seen and/or not realized to its full extent. The position of a CIO was therefore hardly seen as a big career step or as a main driver for the company's strategy. It has already happened in some companies, the CIO promoted to a new role: Chief Innovation Officer.
