ABSTRACT
The European Union (EU) is the largest economy of the world, and consumer spending represents 57" of its gross domestic product (GDP). It consists of 28 Member States with a total population of around 510 million people. The principal goal of the Regulation is to ensure that EU consumer law is applied equally and that consumers have an effective access to justice throughout the European Union. Following the tendency of the development of diverse forms of out-of-court settlements of consumer disputes, the European Union has itself established a common European legal framework on consumer arbitration. In line with a tendency of collective redress becoming an increasingly popular instrument to secure consumers' access to justice worldwide, the European Union has provided some rules on collective redress. Under the Directive 2011/83/EU on consumer rights (CRD), the contract on download of digital content are neither to be classified as a sales contract nor as a service contract.
