ABSTRACT
This chapter presents the business strategies employed by female and male migrants in order to achieve inclusive citizenship in Spain. It offers an analysis of structural factors that impact immigrant self-employment and the differential effects of these on inclusive citizenship according to gender. The chapter explores the immigrant population experiences greater difficulties in terms of social insertion due to cloistering in classic labor niches, particularly for women. Spain, within the migratory context of Southern Europe, presents a series of sociodemographic characteristics that determine immigrants' entrepreneurship strategies: intense foreign population arrival flows; a considerable presence of irregular immigrants; and a predominance of Latin American and North African immigrants. The incorporation of the immigrant population into the labor market is far from random: indeed, it is dependent on several variables including legal status, gender, year of arrival, level of education, and structure of job opportunities. The family situation is a key element in blocking or facilitating entrepreneurial initiatives.
