ABSTRACT
This chapter offers a cross-cutting assessment of the few company cases within sectors in light of few models designed to explain whether, how and why companies have responded to the European Union (EU) emissions trading system (ETS). It analyses the EU ETS in the context of other relevant EU policies and other company-internal and wider external drivers likely to co-produce variation in climate strategies. The ETS was also the mandatory climate regulation to target the pulp and paper industry (PPI) in Europe. Interesting changes have also taken place in the energy-intensive industries, but these changes have been less substantial and less widespread. The reluctant adaptation model captures well the main difference in response between the electric power industry and the energy-intensive industries. The analysis of climate strategies has, to varying degrees, been based on a combination of hard data and qualitative information judged by the authors in each case.
