ABSTRACT
Lady Margaret Beaufort dovetailed her frequentation of religious institutions with her own personal adaptation of the monks' and sisters' forms of devotion and taste for intellectual pursuits. Lady Margaret commissioned and financed Carthusian or Bridgettine-connected books printed by Caxton, Wynkyn de Worde, and Pynson, while the Brothers provided de Worde and Pynson with religious texts they wanted printed. She also bought devotional books, many by Carthusian authors, through both English and Continental agents. Lady Margaret makes many of the French chapter headings more personal and inclusive. Explication in Lady Margaret's translations takes the form of glossing, a universal feature of medieval translation. Here, however, it is not used for explaining difficult words, creating neologisms, or paraphrasing. The dissemination in England of devotional texts in both original versions and translations was also largely attributable to the clergy, especially the Carthusians, from the fourteenth century on.
