This chapter explores some of the key ethical issues raised by research in epidemic response settings, many of which were discussed at the World Health Organization (WHO) technical consultation. The public health response to epidemics such as Marburg, Ebola, or new influenza strains raises a series of ethical issues. Infectious diseases and the way societies deal with them has for a long time been of concern in ethics. The Ethics and Health team facilitated and participated regularly in the Rapid Containment training workshops, including nine training meetings in Indonesia, Cambodia, Saudi-Arabia, Kazakhstan, Congo, Burkina Faso, and Uganda. All biomedical research involving human subjects must undergo ethics review by an independent ethics committee to ensure the protection of research participants in accordance with international guidelines such as the International ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects and the Declaration of Helsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects.