This chapter examines the ethical bases for integrating indigenous values in plans for pandemic emergencies. The word 'indigenous' is generally associated with the original inhabitants of lands that are later invaded or colonised by other societies. The fundamental public health objective in planning for and managing infectious disease pandemics is to prevent avoidable illness and death. The chapter proposes some reasons, based on ethical considerations, for a focus on indigenous values in emergency planning and response. The values of public health ethics, and the frameworks that have been developed in giving them effect, are centred on core concepts of the common good, justice and equity. The concept of 'vulnerability' is generally seen in pandemic literature as the principal ethical imperative for taking account of indigenous and minority group issues. Cultural differences may include differences in social and authority structures, communication patterns, language, institutions, and customs.