ABSTRACT
A commonplace of Christian theological tradition is to contend that God, as primary or first cause, acts in the world by means of creaturely secondary causes. 1 The conceptuality is employed to affirm God’s continuing action in a world that seems not to require it, 2 while ensuring that God is not reduced to the level of mundane causation. 3 As such, God transcends the world as its sovereign, while remaining immanently present in and to all that transpires.
