ABSTRACT
Introduction This chapter presents an introduction to the salient characteristic of terrestrial public transport systems that form an essential backdrop against which innovations in the transport sector have to be placed. The diversity of stakeholders and the complexity of the system have important ramifications for the uptake and effectiveness of new service innovations. In this chapter, the innovations being discussed are the development and uptake of passenger survey tool (specifically METPEX measurement instruments) and ‘whole journey’ philosophy. The chapter has been drawn from a wide-ranging survey of the (EU) sector conducted by METPEX (METPEX WP2 2016) and interviews with stakeholders (Woodcock et al. 2014a).
