Introduction

This chapter presents the theoretical background and empirical indicia relating to the inequality–employment–growth triptych and the role of governance and governance in the Middle East and North Africa region in order to determine the Arab position and conduct a feasibility analysis; it also draws some policy implications. The Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad emphasize on the dignity of human beings. Islamic/moral norms play a very significant role in determining the prices of the different factors of production. The Islamic Third Economics Workshop was held in Istanbul, Turkey, on April 4–5, 2015, under the theme of “Labor in Islamic Economics. Labor is the most important concept in economic theory and economic history. The word “labor” has extended to contain an array of meanings, which include human muscle strength and certain types of intellectual activities. Economists who had different approaches consequently interpreted labor in different ways.