ABSTRACT
This chapter considers four things: first, general relationships between dogma, liturgy and music; second, how Catholic salvation theology operated at Mass; third, the way Mass expressed Catholic notions of hierarchy and authority; fourth, changes in the late nineteenth-century. At each stage the effects of theological-liturgical understandings for musicians, especially the degree of sung or spoken congregational participation, will be examined. Since the main concern is to reveal the practical workings out of Catholic doctrine in worship and music, the dogmatic understandings will primarily be those found in catechisms, Instructions for the Mass and rubrics presented by popular mid-Victorian versions of publications such as The Garden of the Soul, The Crown of Jesus and The Missal. As The Crown of Jesus explains: In the nineteenth century confession was usually presented as something undergone privately in a confessional, but it could also be obtained during Mass, as the text makes clear. The Mass mainly consists of prayers.
