ABSTRACT
This chapter analyses how the concept of participation is presented and promoted at different levels of governance programmes, particularly for marginalized groups in Spain. It examines eight policy documents at policy levels ranging from European frameworks to Spain's National Action Plans and programmes at municipal level. The discourse approach offers an opportunity to access the social meaning of the dynamics under research and to gain an understanding of a society's institutional practices. Analysis of the documents has enabled identification of shifts in participation discourse at the European, national and local levels. Concepts such as solidarity addressed not an unconditional entitlement it depends on individual and collective responsibility'. A new emphasis on economic reform is permanently addressed, with targeted measures aimed at enhancing individuals' security and solidarity among Member States. Social support systems are seen as in need of protection against abuse or moral hazard from individuals.
