ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes the past record and current state of confidence building and arms control on the Korean peninsula. It provides insight to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue as well as to enhance confidence building on the Korean peninsula toward a Korean peace regime. After the end of the Cold War, the United States took unilateral measures to pave the way for the arms control approach in relation to North Korea's nuclear weapons development. The ultimate goal of the Seoul government's Northern policy was to normalize its relationship with the Pyongyang government. Throughout the Helsinki process, European countries could generate a virtuous relationship between confidence building measures (CBM) and arms control, which resulted in dismantlement of the Cold War structure in Europe. Although some agreements were made in the Six-Party Talks (SPT) toward North Korea's denuclearization, North Korea's two nuclear tests obstructed the negotiation process.
