ABSTRACT
Architecture is a practical intellectual process for building the individual and society. This chapter explores how the emergence of the great cities around the world alongside the development of modern industry resulted in the rise of the architectural productions of underprivileged classes. It highlights the fact that political economists, sociologists, artists, novelists, civil engineers, business, civic, and religious leaders first discussed the problems of the architecture of underprivileged classes long before the architectural avant-garde arrived on the scene to solve them. The chapter emphasizes that the agendas of architectural avant-garde were revolutionary manifestos that were intended to reform both spatial and social human experiences simultaneously in urban and rural settings. The work of architect Carin Smuts, of Carin Smuts Studio (CSS), Cape Town, South Africa is explored. Smut's design always began with working with the community to understand what it wanted. Her project for Dawid Klaaste Multi-purpose Center, Laingsburg, Western Cape, was realized through engagement between client and architects.
