ABSTRACT
According to Kaplinsky, 'The value chain describes the full range of activities which are required to bring a product from conception, through the intermediary phase of production, delivery to final consumers, and final disposal after use'. Ishay defines human rights as 'rights held by individuals simply because they are part of the human species. They are rights shared equally by everyone regardless of sex, race, nationality and economic background. They are universal in content. The United Nations urged all member countries to publicize the text of the Declaration and to cause it to be disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally in schools and other educational institutions. Universal human rights ideals as overarching values influence global ethics codes. The principles address human rights, labour and the environment and are drawn from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Labor Organization's Fundamental Principles on Rights at Work, the 1995 Copenhagen Social Summit and the Rio Principles on Environment and Development.
