ABSTRACT
This chapter explores substantive and private international law aspects of personal relations and contact concerning children. The child is considered a rights holder, beside the parents, persons with family ties, and other persons. It is first determined which direct or indirect, restricted or unrestricted, contact rights can be awarded, and to what extent they can be enforced in a speedy and effective procedure. Second, given increasing family mobility, cross-border exercise and enforcement of contact rights are addressed, too, by considering jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement, and international co-operation.
