ABSTRACT
Many observers view the 1972 United Nations (UN) Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm, as the event that heralded the active involvement of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in international policy making. In the intervening years NGO participation in international policy making has grown exponentially, as has the number of multilateral environmental conventions, global environmental conferences and other efforts to provide global environmental governance. The increasing numbers of NGOs with a stake in global environmental politics has been well documented, as has their presence at multilateral negotiations and their influence on negotiation outcomes (Betsill and Corell 2008).
