ABSTRACT
What motivates human conduct? The social and behavioral sciences have largely favored a “springs and motors” approach. Underlying the diverse conceptions of psychologists, sociologists, and economists is the inchoate notion that conduct is pushed, impelled, driven, urged, steered, or otherwise directed by forces that lie within the person. Whether human beings are thought to be governed by powerful sexual needs, a quest to maximize rewards, or by genes favoring altruism, selfishness, or some other tendency, the theoretical quest is for inner forces.
