Introduction

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book suggests on how to address the deficiencies in the current system of environmental governance, and in particular the lack of effective enforcement mechanisms. One possible way forward is the reform and strengthening of the global institutions. It discusses how, over the past two decades, a shift in global leadership can be observed in climate policy from the United States to the European Union. Emanuela Orlando presents an overview of the development of the EU's competences in the environmental field, pointing to its main strengths and weaknesses. Finally, the book analyses the scope and drivers of US and EU environmental policy initiatives at both the domestic and the international level, examining the interplay of domestic and international factors in shaping these policies.