ABSTRACT
Cluster evolution is affected by life cycles of their dominant industries (Abernathy &
Utterback, 1978; Klepper, 1997), however, it is not entirely determined by industry path-
ways, due to a nexus of other socio-economic and institutional factors affecting these ter-
ritorial industrial systems (Martin & Sunley, 2006; Menzel & Fornahl, 2010). Therefore,
the impact of industry patterns should be treated as a factor external to the cluster, which
moderates the internal cluster dynamics.
