This chapter examines and explains the nature of Oman’s foreign policy. In doing so, it will apply three levels of foreign policy analysis, including the societal level, the state level, and the system level. The chapter argues that Oman’s foreign policy-making is largely driven by its overwhelming desire for regime/state security within a tough and conflict-ridden region. It provides an overview of Oman’s geography, history, society, and political culture. The chapter also examines Oman’s geopolitical position within the region and its balancing policy, mainly how Oman’s relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council and Iran are directly related to its quest for security and regional balance. Oman is a monarchy like the other Gulf States; however, the personalization of power is clearly demonstrated in the Omani case. This has played a significant factor in shaping Oman’s foreign policy and response toward most of the developments that have occurred with its neighbors as well as the wider region.