ABSTRACT
Radical online activism has challenged state and corporate governance structures and sought alternatives based on openness, sharing, collaboration and self-determination. Practices including hacking, whistleblowing and denial of service attacks show novel tactical reach and anonymity. However, much of online activism has direct antecedents in familiar activist repertoires. The collective, material practices of activist groups working online, including TAO.ca and riseup.net, are based on radical perspectives such as anarchism and feminism. While cyber activists have sought to realise its liberatory potential, the Internet has proven to be a site of struggle, exposed to state and corporate enclosure, surveillance and repression.
