ABSTRACT
A model for collaborative advocacy efforts can be found in the International Campaign to Ban Landmines and the Cluster Munition Coalition. In the 1990s, several international human rights advocacy organizations, including Handicap International and Human Rights Watch, joined together in an effort to ban anti-personnel mines. The coalition was involved in the full span of policy development activities: “[composing] its own draft treaty which it submitted as a model, [attending] all preparatory meetings, and [commenting] on every draft written by the Austrian delegation throughout the Ottawa Process” (Cameron, 1999, p. 92). The movement attained great success in 1997 with the adoption of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, also known as the Ottawa Treaty. Some authors have attributed this success to the collaborative nature of the advocacy efforts, which included nation states, non-governmental human rights organizations, and citizens (Cameron, 1999; Peters, 1999). In the next decade, many of these advocates joined again in a successful campaign for the adoption of another convention focused on a similar weapon. This campaign successfully ended with the 2008 adoption of the Convention on Cluster Munitions (Borrie, 2009; Brabant, 2010; Docherty, 2012).
